Siemens Gamesa announced the signature of two Preferred Supplier Agreements for the MFW Baltyk II and MFW Baltyk III wind power plants with Equinor and Polenergia. These signings represent both the first preferred supplier agreements announced in the fledgling Polish offshore wind market, and also the first conditional agreements for the SG 14-236 DD offshore [...]
TÜV SÜD and Tractebel DOC have signed an agreement announcing their intention to collaborate in the field of offshore wind energy towards a carbon-neutral future. The partnership will focus on joint project implementation and the development of new markets and services. With around 25,000 staff in over 50 countries, TÜV SÜD is among the world’s [...]
OX2 has submitted a permit application under the act of Sweden’s Exclusive Economic Zone to construct an offshore wind farm in the Swedish Economic Zone off the coast of Skåne in the south of Sweden. […]
Poland's Vice-Minister for Infrastructure Marek Gróbarczyk has announced that Poland is launching further concession proceedings for three new sites in Polish waters of the Baltic Sea. As a result, localization procedures are currently underway for 9 marine areas. Vice-Minister Gróbaczyk tweeted that the ministry has "three more locations for the law on promoting electricity generation [...]
The Ministry of Energy of Lithuania invites to participate in public consultations on the elements relevant for the environmental impact assessment of wind farms to be constructed in the Lithuanian part of the Baltic Sea. […]
Episode 3 of our weekly podcast, summarising the most important news of the week, is ready to listen. You can listen to the new episode of "This week in Baltic Offshore Wind in 5 minutes" on Soundcloud, Spotify, Google Podcasts, Apple Podcasts and Stitcher. This podcast is prepared by especially for those who have [...]
On February 11, 2022 an agreement (Memorandum of Understanding) was concluded between portfolio companies of the Industrial Development Agency JSC (IDA) and the Spanish company GRI Renewable Industries, S.L. concerning cooperation in the construction of a new tower factory for offshore wind energy (OWE). Estimated value of this investment is over EUR 100 million, and [...]
Spanish company Windar renovables, leader in the manufacture of wind turbine towers (onshore and offshore), has confirmed its investment decision to build a new offshore tower factory in Poland. […]
Baltic Power, a company that is a subsidiary of the PKN Orlen Group in Poland, has won a tender for the lease of land in the port of Łeba for an offshore wind farm in the Baltic Sea. A service port will be located in Łeba to service the investment, [...]
On Tuesday, February 15, Minister for Climate and Environment Annika Strandhäll and Minister for Energy and Digitalization Khashayar Farmanbar held a joint press conference. The meeting focused on accelerating offshore wind development and developing Sweden’s first offshore plans. […]
Today at a meeting of the European Parliament, MEPs adopted a strategy for the development of offshore energy in Europe. This is a watershed moment for the offshore wind industry. The document sets ambitious goals for the development of this industry in Europe. The report was approved by 518 votes [...]
Litgrid, the Lithuanian electricity transmission system operator, said it is receiving an increasing number of requests from developers to investigate the possibility of connecting new wind or solar power plants to the transmission grid. The operator argues that Litgrid’s preparations for the synchronization process and other system development projects will [...]
Lithuania is preparing a national map of hydrogen technology development. The Ministry of Energy of Lithuania informs that after a comprehensive analysis, independent foreign experts, working with Lithuanian institutions and companies, will present possible solutions for the hydrogen value chain. This is an opportunity to implement green hydrogen production technology [...]
The next edition of the international conference WindMission Lithuania 2022 was held in January. The event was devoted to Lithuania’s energy policy, in particular to the development of wind energy. Here are the key findings on offshore wind development from Lithuania. […]
Danish transmission operator Energinet said that a new model for paying power producers for transmission network development costs is out for consultation. The new solution is expected to contribute to the efficient use of RES sources and their installation where network capacity is much larger. […]
It's Friday so it is time to recap the past week. You can listen to the second episode of "This week in Baltic Offshore Wind in 5 minutes" on Soundcloud, Spotify, Google and Apple Podcasts. This podcast is prepared especially for those who have little time, but want to keep up to date with the [...]
The Polish company PGE and the Danish company Ørsted are preparing for the third stage of geotechnical research. They will allow detailed verification of seabed soil conditions for the construction of the Baltica Offshore Wind Farm with a capacity of up to 2.5 GW. Previous phases of the study have [...]
RWE, one of the world’s leading companies in offshore wind, is further progressing with developing F.E.W. Baltic II, one of the first offshore wind farms in the Polish Baltic Sea. RWE selected Atlantique Offshore Energy, the marine energy business unit of the French company Chantiers de l’Atlantique, for engineering, procuring, [...]
The Polish Ministry of Infrastructure has launched further administrative procedures related to the granting of concessions for new offshore wind sites in Polish waters of the Baltic Sea. In particular, the rivalry between the two largest companies - PKN Orlen and PGE Polska Grupa Energetyczna, which are already developing the first offshore farms in [...]
Poland’s Ministry of Infrastructure has announced that it has launched the procedure for granting offshore wind energy concessions for three more offshore areas. The ministry’s decision was announced on Twitter by Vice-Minister of Infrastructure, Marek Gróbarczyk. […]
Heerema Marine Contractors is committed to delivering solutions for clients worldwide. With Heerema Fabrication Group fabricating the required structures, the company is now modifying Thialf’s cranes capable of lifting 14,200 metric tons. […]
January 26 this year, The Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) has unveiled the first draft of a new Site Development Plan (FEP). The document regulates offshore wind energy development in Germany. Environmental organization NABU is concerned about increased conservation conflict and is calling for adjustments to protect endangered seabirds [...]
Port of Roenne A/S will store the monopiles for the 27 Vestas’ wind turbines at Arcadis Ost 1. When establishing the Arcadis Ost 1 offshore wind farm near Rügen begins in a few weeks, the 27 wind turbines and monopiles will be shipped out of the port in Roenne. [...]
This week we are very excited to introduce a brand new format that is becoming a regular feature of our platform. For months BalticWind.EU has provided its readers with hundreds of articles, opinions and reports, as well as interviews in video form, and from now on the most up-to-date news about the offshore wind [...]
Researchers at Finland’s LUT University of Applied Sciences, commissioned by St1 and Fortum, have mapped the conditions necessary for electricity production in the Perämeri region. The region has great potential to become a center for carbon-free steel, fuel, and chemical production. This development will require a significant increase in wind [...]
In January 2022, the Federal Ministry of Economic Affairs and Climate Action (BMWK) presented first concrete plans at a meeting with representatives of the offshore wind industry. Managing Director of the industry organization BWO, Stefan Thimm, comments that this is a positive development, that the industry did not dare to [...]
Latvian electricity system operator AS Augstsprieguma tīkls (AST) has announced that a Regional Coordination Center for the Baltic region will be established this year. A special company, Baltic RCC, will be established for this purpose. […]
Danish energy company Ørsted said in its latest 2021 report that the 2 MW H2RES electrolyzer demonstrator, which uses energy from offshore wind farms, will be activated in the first half of 2022. In May 2021, Dan Jørgensen, Denmark's The Danish Minister for Climate, Energy and Utilities , led the ceremony of laying a [...]
The Energy Island will serve as an offshore power plant distributing up to 10 GW of offshore wind to Denmark and other neighbouring markets. Fugro will perform a combination of geophysical, geotechnical services and laboratory testing to provide valuable insight into the ground engineering challenges along the cable route from the Danish landfalls to [...]
Finnish state-owned company Metsähallitus, which is developing the Korsnäs offshore wind farm project, is strengthening its staff. Heid Vest has joined the team as a wind project expert in the Baltic Sea. Vest took up her position on January 24 and works from offices in Vaasa and Korsnäs. […]
Danish electricity system operator Energinet has announced that it is ready to design high-voltage substations so that Bornholm’s power grid can be effectively connected to new energy projects. We are talking about the construction of the landmark Bornholm Energy Island project and offshore wind farms. […]
The Swedish Environmental Protection Agency is conducting a cross-border consultation on the Arkona offshore wind farm, which is to be built in Sweden’s exclusive economic zone in the southern Baltic Sea between the islands of Ystad and Germany’s Rügen. […]
The Connecting Europe Facility (CEF) coordination committee has positively assessed and approved the application submitted by the transmission system operators from the Baltic countries – Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, and Poland. The financial aid will reach 170 million euros. […]
We reported on BalticWind.EU that on 21 January 2022, Poland’s Ministry of Infrastructure published three announcements regarding new concessions for offshore wind energy. Several companies have declared their will to take part in the proceedings, others have already submitted applications. Competition in the Polish Baltic Sea area is intensifying. [...]
Ørsted was ranked as the world’s most sustainable energy company on Corporate Knight’s 2022 Global 100 index for the fourth year running. From the frontline of climate action, Ørsted shares a handbook on how governments and businesses can move from ambition to action in a crucial climate year. […]
PGE Baltica has signed a two-year turn-key campaign with EOLOS Floating Lidar Solutions after a competitive public tender process that concluded earlier this month. This new campaign in the Baltic Sea adds yet another reference in the Baltic Sea for the Spanish vendor which successfully completed a similar campaign for [...]
PGE and Ørsted have launched a tender for the preparation of a Building Permit for two phases of the Baltica Offshore Wind Farm, i.e. Baltica 3 with a capacity of approx. 1045 MW and Baltica 2 with a capacity of approx. 1500 MW. […]
On 21 January 2022, Poland’s Ministry of Infrastructure published three announcements regarding new offshore wind energy concessions. Three additional offshore areas will soon be available to next operators. Some companies have communicated that they will not participate in the concession proceedings, while others have already confirmed their participation. […]
The Government has granted research permits for three offshore wind power projects in Finland’s exclusive economic zone. Wpd Finland Oy was granted a permit on 20 January 2022 for the research area west of Jakobstad. OX2 Finland Oy received permits for two projects in the research areas west of Hailuoto and Jakobstad last week. [...]
Baltic Power has won a lease contract for land at the Łeba seaport to support its offshore wind farm. It will accommodate service facilities to support the wind farm project, scheduled for 2024–2026. During that time, about 70 wind turbines with a total capacity of up to 1.2 GW will be erected in the sea, [...]
Dutch sustainable anti-fouling and solution provider – CORROSION – announces a new international partnership to further expand reach and sustainable journey in the offshore wind and maritime market. – This time we set foot in Poland where we entered into a partnership with the men from CO-MADE – CORROSION informed. [...]
EDS HV Group, part of James Fisher Renewables (JF Renewables) has won a multimillion-pound contract to provide the high voltage safety management commissioning phase at Iberdrola’s Baltic Eagle Offshore Wind Farm, off the coast of the German region of Pomerania. […]
Danish investor Ørsted is seeking contractors to provide transportation and installation services for the 1 GW Baltica 3 and 1.5 GW Baltica 2 offshore wind farms in Poland, on the Baltic Sea. A qualification notice has been issued to companies before tendering for work. […]
Deputy Prime Minister of Poland and Minister of State Assets, Jacek Sasin, began an economic visit to Latvia on January 14. Representatives of Poland and Latvia talked about issues related to, among others, energy […]
Minister of Climate and Environment of Poland, Anna Moskwa, met with Vice-Minister of Energy of Lithuania, Daiva Garbaliauskaitė. The meeting, which took place on January 13, 2021, concerned the possibility of cooperation in the area of gas energy and RES, in particular offshore wind energy. […]
Offshore wind power is needed to meet the growing electricity demand, argues Swedish wind energy association Svensk Vindenergi. The investors call for several reforms to accelerate the development of wind turbines in offshore areas. […]
The German Federal Maritime and Hydrographic Agency (BSH) started the procedure for updating the marine spatial plan for offshore wind energy development (FEP) in December 2021. Comments can be submitted until January 18, 2022. The German government’s goal of expanding 70 GW by 2045 requires the development of additional areas [...]
Produkcja stali i morska energetyka wiatrowa to dwa obszary, które są coraz bardziej zależne od siebie. Nie będzie wiatraków bez stali, natomiast „zielonej” stali – bez produkcji OZE i bezemisyjnego wodoru. Pierwsze kroki w bezemisyjnej produkcji stali poczyniła Szwecja i to właśnie ten kraj może zostać liderem regionu Morza Bałtyckiego [...]
The International Marine Contractors Association (IMCA) has expanded its ‘Guidelines for Walk to Work (W2W) Operations’ (IMCA M254). Originally published in October 2020, the guidelines were produced to help standardise the way in which vessels give personnel safe access to offshore structures, both in the wind and oil & gas industries, and were developed [...]
RWE and Northland Power strengthen their position in the German offshore market The companies have joined forces to co-develop a 1.3 gigawatts (GW) cluster of offshore wind farms in the German North Sea. The partners have established a joint venture structure through which they plan to jointly develop and construct [...]
The Danish Government has released a proposal for a new strategy to promote and navigate the future development of Power-to-X (PtX) projects in Denmark. The Danish PtX strategy aims at reducing CO2 emissions, balancing the Danish power system and providing export opportunities for green fuels and PtX technology. […]
The Lithuanian Energy Agency has extended the previously announced deadline for submitting tenders for the implementation of wind speed measurements, water, and geological surveys of the seabed in the Lithuanian maritime territory until January 24, 2022. […]
The Gdynia Maritime University Offshore Centre is taking shape. The foundations and ground floor walls are already in place as the construction work continues on schedule. […]
According to the Energy Industry’s annual Energy Attitudes Survey, wind power is the second most desired of all forms of electricity generation. More than 70 percent of respondents are in favor of increasing the use of wind power. […]
OX2 has applied for a Natura 2000-permit for an offshore wind farm within the Swedish Exclusive Economic Zone off the coast of Skåne. The wind farm is called Triton and is located about 30 km south of Ystad. The offshore wind farm comprises up to 129 turbines with a maximum height of 370 meters. [...]
To support the energy transition and to provide consultancy services for the offshore wind industry in Poland, BLIX Consultancy B.V. from the Netherlands and Horizons Sp. z o.o. from Poland have signed a joint venture agreement to start H-BLIX Sp. z o.o. […]
WORLD FORUM OFFSHORE WIND (WFO) published its White Paper Challenges and Opportunities of Major Maintenance for Floating Offshore Wind. The report is the result of one year’s worth of monthly discussions between participating WFO members during meetings of WFO’s Floating Offshore Wind Committee on the topic of floating wind major [...]
Finnish state-owned enterprise Metsähallitus is releasing preliminary market information and launching its partner selection process for the planned 1.3 Gigawatt (GW) Korsnäs offshore wind power project. Metsähallitus is looking for a responsible and experienced partner to accelerate the development, construction and operation of the wind farm. Metsähallitus will invite both [...]
During the Electric City Conference, industry representatives and researchers were able to present leading topics and challenges in wind energy and their research results in the „Posters” session. During the event, 8 posters and research results were appreciated. […]
The Electric City 2021 conference was the perfect opportunity for startups to showcase their latest innovations in the wind sector within the ‚Innovation Park’ block. The winner was Anker Foundations – the startup received the ‚Best Startup Award’ for its innovative, sustainable solutions in the development of prefabricated foundations for [...]
An exciting edition of the Electric City 2021 conference in Copenhagen is behind us. The industry was able to meet in person after a difficult pandemic period for all and talk about the near future of wind energy in Europe. We have already achieved a lot – approaching 200 GW [...]
The Lithuanian electricity transmission system operator Litgrid continues cooperation with Japanese energy company TEPCO Power Grid and starts preparing a study intended to assess technical and economic alternatives for offshore wind integration. […]
In our latest interview with Giles Dickson, we ask about the Electric City 2021 conference held in Copenhagen and the challenges of wind energy development in Europe. The interview appeared on BalticWind.EU latest report straight from Copenhagen. Which topics brought wind industry representatives to Copenhagen this year? Renewables are now around 40% of the [...]
Today the European Commission published its new EU Guidelines on State Aid for Climate, Environmental Protection and Energy. The new Guidelines allow National Governments to hold technology specific auctions and endorse revenue stabilisation mechanisms notably 2-sided CfDs. These are pre-conditions for the accelerated deployment of wind energy towards climate neutrality. [...]
Almost 600 representatives of 369 companies and institutions attended a meeting for those interested in collaboration on the Baltic Power project. Building a strong supply chain is now among the crucial steps leading up to the launch of this project, which is of strategic importance to the entire power sector. [...]
German energy company RWE has announced that geophysical and environmental studies for the Södra Midsjöbanken offshore wind project have been completed. This is RWE’s largest project in the Nordic region, involving the construction of an offshore farm about 100 km from the Swedish mainland towards the Polish border. The total [...]
The company implementing the MFW Bałtyk I signed an agreement with the Polish branch of ERM, which is the world’s largest consulting company working in the field of sustainable development. The agreement concerns cooperation in the field of environmental and social consulting. Offshore wind farm MFW Bałtyk I is the [...]
Lloyd’s Register (LR) has been accepted as the world’s first renewable energy Certification Body (RECB) for marine energy by IECRE, the IEC System for Certification to Standards Relating to Equipment for Use in Renewable Energy Applications. The System covers the solar photovoltaic (PV), marine and wind energy sectors. […]
How to reach Paris Agreement Net Zero goals and what are the challenges for different regions worldwide. At #ElectricCity2021 we spoke with Ditlev Engel, CEO of Energy Systems at DNV. This interview will be part of the BalticWind.EU Special Report WindEurope ElectricCity 2021, which will be available for download on our website next week.
The Danish operator said that together with the other Nordic transmission system operators – Statnett, Svenska Kraftnät, and Fingrid – it has decided to set up Nordic RCC A/S to coordinate the operational planning of the entire Nordic power system. Nordic RCC A/S will be formally established in 2022 with [...]
The new German Government is up and running. The coalition of Social Democrats, Greens and Liberals brands itself a “climate Government”. They’ve agreed that Germany should exit coal-fired power earlier than planned – in 2030 if possible. And that much more renewable energy will be required to achieve that. So [...]
Finland currently has an offshore wind farm project in Korsnäs, on the southwest coast of Finland, 15 km from the coast. In early 2022, work will begin on the environmental impact assessment and zoning of the installation. […]
The Ostwind 2 project team closes the year with another important milestone: The second of a total of three sea cable systems was successfully laid in the seabed. This brings the connection of the Baltic Eagle offshore wind farm another step closer. The third and final cable is to be [...]
Eni, through its subsidiary Eni gas e luce that will become Plenitude in 2022, and Copenhagen Infrastructure Partners (CIP), through its New Markets Fund I, have extended their offshore wind partnership in France by signing an agreement to collaborate also in connection with the anticipated allocation of offshore wind areas in Poland. By implementing [...]
Last Saturday, 4 December, Litgrid and PSE, the operators of the Lithuanian and Polish electricity transmission systems, carried out the emergency support test on the Polish-Lithuanian interconnection. The test was aimed at verification of Lithuanian system restoration and black-start capabilities using the interconnection together with newly installed autotransformers in Alytus substation. [...]
The Finnish Ministerial Committee for the Economic Policy approved a proposal for an auction model to be used to lease public water areas managed by Metsähallitus. The aim is to accelerate the development of offshore wind projects under market conditions. The first auctions will take place in late 2023 or [...]
The German Association of Offshore Wind Farm Operators (BWO) and vgbe energy (formerly VGB PowerTech) have teamed up on fire protection standards for offshore wind installations. The interdisciplinary working group has begun activities – the common standard is scheduled to be completed by the end of 2023. […]
RWE Renewables has moved a major step closer to the realisation of its first offshore wind farm in Poland. Via its Polish subsidiary Baltic Trade & Invest Sp. z o.o., the company received a positive decision by the regional Director for Environmental Protection in Szczecin. This decision specifies the environmental conditions for the realisation [...]
Experts from the Lower Silesian Institute for Energy Studies (DISE Energy) and the Polish Wind Energy Association have prepared a report on the green hydrogen production potential in Poland. By 2040, there is a realistic chance that electrolyzers above 20 GW will meet hydrogen demand. For this to be possible, [...]
Increase in global electricity generation capacity of wind turbines is on track to accelerate in the coming years. Experts of the International Energy Agency forecast record growth of RES in the world. Total offshore wind capacity is projected to more than triple by 2026. […]
OX2 has submitted a permit application under the Act on Sweden’s Exclusive Economic Zone to construct an offshore wind farm in the Swedish economic zone off the coast of Falkenberg and Varberg. […]
As we read on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt fur Naturschutz), guidelines have been published for a large-scale mapping procedure of geogenic reefs formed from natural rock deposits in the German part of the Baltic Sea. […]
As we read on the website of the Federal Agency for Nature Conservation (Bundesamt fur Naturschutz), studies are currently being conducted on the impact of offshore wind farms on bat populations in the North and Baltic Seas. The ongoing project is expected to last until 2023. […]
The three German parties – SPD, Greens and FDP – concluded a coalition agreement in Berlin in November. SPD politician Olaf Scholz will become the new chancellor, replacing Angela Merkel. The landmark agreement also touches on the development of offshore wind energy. […]
On December 8, the next edition of SITE Development Day will be launched. The Managing Director of BalticWind.EU, Paweł Wróbel, will attend the event as a speaker. During his speech, he will talk about Poland’s energy transformation and the special role of offshore wind energy. […]
On 8 December, there will be a meeting of the Working Group for energy and climate of the CPMR Baltic Sea Commission. The topic of the meeting are the opportunities of offshore wind energy development in the Baltic region. We will be represented at the meeting by Paweł Wróbel, Managing [...]
The Norwegian developer of the offshore wind sector has announced that Holger Matthiesen, who until now has been acting as Head of Offshore Wind Development Scandinavia, Poland & Baltics in RWE Renewables, has joined the Norwegian tycoon developing offshore wind farms in floating technology, […]
#BalticForGenerations – is an initiative of the Polish energy company Enea and the UN Global Compact Network Poland, which aims to protect the waters of the Baltic Sea. Hundreds of thousands of tons of classic munitions, chemical weapons and shipwrecks filled with fuel lie on the seabed. The remnants of [...]
Today 113 MW operate using floating foundations and have shown outstanding performance, including the highest capacity factors in the wind sector. The time has come for the technology to move to commercial scale – WindEurope explains in the position paper. […]
Denmark’s Finance Ministry said that the Danish government, together with the political parties, has reached a partial agreement on the 2022 budget bill. Politicians expressed the need for more investment in offshore wind energy. It was agreed to expand offshore wind turbines by an additional 2 GW by 2030. The [...]
Jonas Nazarovas, Managing Director of AB DFDS Seaways, has become the first Honorary Consul of Denmark in the Klaipeda region. The solemn ceremony was attended by Ambassador Hans Brask and new Danish Consul Jonas Nazarovas, Klaipeda Mayor Vytautas Grubliauskas and Vice-Minister of Energy of the Republic of Lithuania, Daiva Garbaliauskaitė. [...]
BalticWind.EU informed, that MEPs set out recommendations for speeding up the deployment of offshore wind, in a report adopted on Tuesday. The report voted in the Industry, Research and Energy committee (ITRE) in response to a European Commission communication stresses that meeting the 2030 and 2050 targets require speeding up [...]
A Dutch trade mission will visit the Baltic States from 31 January to 4 February 2022. Representatives of the Dutch offshore wind industry will look for business opportunities in Estonia, Latvia, and Lithuania. […]
Three German companies – OWS Off-Shore Wind Solutions (OWS), Dipl.-Ing. H. Sitte & Co. Schiffsinstallationen KG, Dipl.-Ing. H. Sitte & Co. KG, Dipl.-Ing. H. Sitte & Service KG (Sitte) oraz Wind Multiplikator (WM) – announced a global partnership in the offshore and onshore wind sector. […]
OCEaN to welcome a new Member: The German Network for Wind Energy – WAB e.V. […]
Enersense, which acquired the entire share capital of Pori Offshore Constructions Oy on 4 October, will standardise the legal names of its companies starting on 1 December in Finland as part of the integration and brand renewal of the company. […]
MEPs set out recommendations for speeding up the deployment of offshore wind, in a report adopted on Tuesday. The report voted in the Industry, Research and Energy committee in response to a European Commission communication stresses that meeting the 2030 and 2050 targets require speeding up the deployment of offshore renewable energy (ORE), but a [...]
The Danish Energy Agency has announced that it has launched a public consultation with the municipality of Hvidovre on the environmental impact assessment (EIA) for the Aflandshage wind farm. Responses must be submitted by 20 February, 2022. […]
Representatives of the Lithuanian Ministry of Energy informed during the international Electric City 2021 conference that the construction of an offshore wind farm in the Baltic Sea is in high demand. Among the companies are TotalEnergies Renewables of France, Van Oord Offshore Wind of the Netherlands, Northland Power of Canada. [...]
Finnish electricity system operator Fingrid has published its Grid Development Plan 2022-2031, which sets out the principles of grid planning, grid development needs and planned investments for the next ten years. The operator is also increasing forecasts for wind power development, but this raises challenges in expanding the north-south transmission [...]